The Role of Creative Tourism in Sustainability
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Emergence of Creative Tourism
The concept of creative tourism was first used as a form of tourism by Pearce and Butler in 1993, but it was not defined. In the 2000s, Richards and Raymond defined it as part of cultural tourism or as a response to it. Accordingly, creative tourism is a type of tourism that offers tourists who want to develop their creative potentials the opportunity to learn and develop the characteristics of their holiday destination through active participation.Creative Tourism
Raymond summarized the concept of creative tourism with Confucius’ idea: “I hear and I forget, I see and I remember, I do and I understand.”Additionally, at its 2006 conference, UNESCO defined it as “travel undertaken with the aim of experiencing authentic experiences by learning the artistic, cultural heritage, or unique character of a region, establishing close relationships with local people, and learning the living culture interactively.”
Benefits of Creative Tourism
Authentic and Sustainable: Because it uses creativity as a resource, it is authentic and sustainable.
Year-Round Feasibility: It can be carried out throughout the year due to the absence of season dependency.
Preservation of Cultural Heritage: Both tangible and intangible cultural heritage can be preserved and sustained.
Innovative Local Solutions: Innovative local solutions are produced for poverty, environmental sustainability, and much more.
Enhances Prestige and Cultural Identity: It helps the destination gain prestige and strengthens its cultural identity.
Example of Creative Tourism in Hatay
Hatay, which has hosted 13 civilizations and bears the traces of these civilizations, is known as the “first global city” with an 8,000-year history. It also contains both monotheistic and polytheistic beliefs and continues this life to the present day.Mandalina Likörü (Mandarin Liqueur)
Narenciye toplama ve şurup yapımı (Citrus harvesting and syrup making)
Defne toplama ve sabun yapımı (Laurel harvesting and soap making)
Zeytin Toplama ve zeytinyağı yapımı (Olive harvesting and olive oil making)
İpek Dokumacılığı (Silk Weaving)
Sumak ve kekik toplama (Sumac and thyme harvesting)
Pamuk toplama (Cotton harvesting)
Yayla yaşamı (Highland life)
Kilim dokumacılığı (Carpet weaving)
Turunç toplama ve reçel yapımı (Sour orange harvesting and jam making)
Süt sağma ve süt ürünleri yapımı (Milk milking and dairy products making)
Nar toplama ve nar ekşisi yapımı (Pomegranate harvesting and pomegranate molasses making)
Principles of Creative Tourism
Knowing Who You Are and Where You Are: Relationship of place/identity/culture and geography.
Utilizing Local Capacity: Authenticity/regional development/tourism and geography relationship.
Enhancing Quality: Identity/authenticity/awareness and geography relationship.
Using Existing Facilities: Sustainable development/tourism and geography relationship.
Using Creative Resources as Catalysts for Future Change: Sustainable development/rural areas/tourism and geography relationship.
Creative Tourism and Sustainability
Using Existing Facilities: Existing facilities should be used more creatively instead of building new ones. A renovated cave, a factory, or an ice hotel can be more interesting than a new five-star hotel.
Using Creative Resources as Catalysts for Future Change: Creative use of local crafts in the production of items that tourists will buy as souvenirs can provide the basis for innovative and authentic travel memories.
Examples include pottery festivals in Avanos, silk weaving in Hatay, and ceramic workshops in Nevşehir.The Role of Creative Tourism in Sustainability
Creative tourism is seen as one of the important tools of sustainable tourism in terms of raising awareness about the natural and cultural environment, revitalizing and more actively using existing products, creating awareness about cultural and creative assets, creating economic value, developing creative techniques, creating employment, and valuing the local population. Creative tourism serves sustainability by offering the tourist the opportunity to get to know different cultures, discover local cultural values, and personally experience some cultural practices, combining culture, entertainment, and travel.UNESCO Creative Cities Network
The network emphasizes that not only the existing tangible cultural heritage should be seen as a source of creative tourism but also the intangible cultural characteristics of the destination are highly valuable.The network comprises 116 member cities from 54 countries selected in the fields of design, literature, crafts-folk arts, music, gastronomy, media arts, and cinema-film.
As of 2016, only Gaziantep from Turkey is included in the Creative Cities Network in the field of “Gastronomy.”
Creative tourism not only stands as a type of tourism but also contributes to many other types of tourism.
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